{ "schemaVersion": "1.0", "id": "https://elect-learn.org/zh/guides/electrical-components-vocabulary/", "url": "https://elect-learn.org/zh/guides/electrical-components-vocabulary/", "markdownUrl": "https://elect-learn.org/zh/guides/electrical-components-vocabulary/index.md", "jsonUrl": "https://elect-learn.org/zh/guides/electrical-components-vocabulary/index.json", "language": "zh", "title": "电气器件英文名称：符号图解与地区叫法", "description": "学习10个电气器件英文名称及其图纸符号，并理解美国、加拿大和澳大利亚的常见地区术语差异。", "kind": "guide", "safetyNotice": "学习参考：不同国家/地区的电气规范、许可和验收主体差异很大，本课程不替代当地法规、持证培训、现场许可或主管部门要求。任何实操前都应断电、验电，并遵守当地 AHJ/监管机构和雇主流程。", "sections": [ { "id": "component-to-symbol", "heading": "把器件名称与图纸符号对应起来", "paragraphs": [ "符号表示功能，器件本身表示外观。下面五个符号对应上文清单中的保护与开关器件。先把名称和符号对上，再核对项目图例——同一器件在美式与 IEC 风格图纸中画法可能不同。" ], "cards": [ { "image": "https://elect-learn.org/images/reference/circuit-breaker.svg", "name": "断路器符号", "meaning": "过流时自动断开且可复位的开关器件；配电箱断路器、MCB 与塑壳断路器都属于这一族。" }, { "image": "https://elect-learn.org/images/reference/fuse.svg", "name": "熔断器符号", "meaning": "一次性过流器件：元件熔断后更换，不能复位。" }, { "image": "https://elect-learn.org/images/reference/gfci.svg", "name": "GFCI / RCD 符号", "meaning": "检测电流不平衡而非过载，因此不能替代过流保护。" }, { "image": "https://elect-learn.org/images/reference/relay.svg", "name": "继电器符号", "meaning": "线圈加触点；接触器是同一思路用于更大负载的器件。" }, { "image": "https://elect-learn.org/images/reference/switch.svg", "name": "隔离开关符号", "meaning": "手动隔离器件，与控制开关或按钮不是一回事。" } ], "links": [ { "title": "电气符号图解与读图练习", "url": "https://elect-learn.org/zh/guides/electrical-drawing-symbols/" }, { "title": "同一器件在平面图上的画法", "url": "https://elect-learn.org/zh/guides/electrical-drawing-symbols/" } ] }, { "id": "section-1", "heading": "导读", "paragraphs": [ "The same function may have different jobsite names across regions. Learn the component, its role, and the local term—without assuming that devices with similar names provide identical protection.", "同一种功能在不同地区可能有不同叫法。学习器件、作用和当地术语时，不要假设名称相似的设备提供完全相同的保护。" ] }, { "id": "section-2", "heading": "都是跳闸，原因一样吗？", "paragraphs": [ "过流保护关注电流是否过大；剩余电流保护关注流出与流回是否平衡。" ], "items": [ "左 · 过电流保护 MCB", "右 · 剩余电流保护 RCD", "触点 · 断开故障回路" ] }, { "id": "section-3", "heading": "学习目标", "items": [ "Name common distribution and protection components.", "说出常见配电与保护器件。", "Recognize key regional vocabulary differences.", "识别关键地区术语差异。", "Avoid claiming two devices are equivalent from the name alone.", "避免仅凭名称就断言两个器件等效。" ] }, { "id": "entry-1", "heading": "panelboard / distribution board · 配电板；配电箱", "paragraphs": [ "An assembly that distributes electrical power through protective and switching devices.", "通过保护和开关器件分配电能的组件。", "Example: The circuit schedule inside the panelboard needs to be verified.", "例句：配电板内的回路表需要核实。", "Usage boundary: Panelboard is common in North America; distribution board or switchboard may be heard elsewhere, with technical distinctions by region.", "使用边界：北美常说 panelboard；其他地区可能说 distribution board 或 switchboard，但各地区技术定义可能不同。" ] }, { "id": "entry-2", "heading": "circuit breaker · 断路器", "paragraphs": [ "A resettable protective switching device that opens a circuit under specified abnormal conditions.", "在规定异常条件下断开回路、通常可复位的保护开关器件。", "Example: The breaker trips again when the load starts.", "例句：负载启动时断路器再次跳闸。", "Usage boundary: A trip is evidence of a condition to investigate; do not defeat or upsize protection casually.", "使用边界：跳闸是需要调查的证据，不应随意旁路或增大保护等级。" ] }, { "id": "entry-3", "heading": "fuse · 熔断器", "paragraphs": [ "An overcurrent protective device with an element designed to open when specified current conditions are exceeded.", "在超过规定电流条件时由熔体断开回路的过电流保护器件。", "Example: Record the fuse type and rating before replacement is considered.", "例句：考虑更换前，记录熔断器类型和额定值。", "Usage boundary: Never bridge a fuse or substitute a higher rating to keep equipment running.", "使用边界：绝不能跨接熔断器或换更高额定值来维持设备运行。" ] }, { "id": "entry-4", "heading": "GFCI / RCD · 接地故障保护器；剩余电流装置", "paragraphs": [ "Regional names for devices that detect specified current imbalance and disconnect under defined conditions.", "检测规定电流不平衡并在定义条件下断开的地区性器件名称。", "Example: The GFCI will not reset, so I stopped and reported the condition.", "例句：GFCI 无法复位，所以我停手并报告了该状态。", "Usage boundary: GFCI and RCD are not universal synonyms for identical devices or requirements.", "使用边界：GFCI 和 RCD 并不代表全球完全相同的器件或要求。" ] }, { "id": "entry-5", "heading": "AFCI · 电弧故障保护器", "paragraphs": [ "A protective device intended to detect defined arcing conditions and interrupt the circuit.", "用于检测规定电弧状态并断开回路的保护器件。", "Example: The AFCI trip history is one clue, not a complete diagnosis.", "例句：AFCI 跳闸记录是一条线索，不是完整诊断。", "Usage boundary: Application and terminology are jurisdiction-specific.", "使用边界：其应用和术语具有地区性。" ] }, { "id": "entry-6", "heading": "contactor · 接触器", "paragraphs": [ "An electrically controlled switching device commonly used to control power to a load.", "常用于控制负载电源的电控开关器件。", "Example: The control signal is present, but the contactor does not pull in.", "例句：控制信号存在，但接触器没有吸合。", "Usage boundary: Describe control-side and power-side evidence separately.", "使用边界：应分别描述控制侧和动力侧证据。" ] }, { "id": "entry-7", "heading": "relay · 继电器", "paragraphs": [ "A device that uses one electrical signal to operate contacts in another circuit.", "利用一个电信号操作另一回路触点的器件。", "Example: The relay coil is energized, but the output contact remains open.", "例句：继电器线圈已得电，但输出触点仍保持断开。", "Usage boundary: Coil state and contact state are different observations.", "使用边界：线圈状态和触点状态是不同的观察结果。" ] }, { "id": "entry-8", "heading": "disconnect switch / isolator · 隔离开关", "paragraphs": [ "A device used to disconnect equipment or a circuit from an energy source within its intended application.", "在预期应用中用于使设备或回路与能源断开的器件。", "Example: Open the approved disconnect and apply the required energy-control procedure.", "例句：断开批准的隔离开关，并执行规定能量控制流程。", "Usage boundary: A control switch or push button may not be an energy-isolating device.", "使用边界：控制开关或按钮可能不是能量隔离装置。" ] }, { "id": "entry-9", "heading": "junction box · 接线盒", "paragraphs": [ "An enclosure where conductors or cables are joined, routed, or terminated.", "导体或电缆进行连接、路由或端接的外壳。", "Example: The junction box cover is missing and conductors are exposed.", "例句：接线盒盖板缺失，导体裸露。", "Usage boundary: Report damaged or open enclosures; do not treat them as harmless access points.", "使用边界：应报告损坏或敞开的外壳，不要把它当成无害的访问点。" ] }, { "id": "entry-10", "heading": "terminal block · 接线端子排", "paragraphs": [ "An insulated assembly that provides organized conductor connection points.", "提供有序导体连接点的绝缘组件。", "Example: Terminal three shows discoloration and a loose connection is suspected.", "例句：三号端子出现变色，怀疑连接松动。", "Usage boundary: Use the manufacturer's conductor, preparation, and torque requirements.", "使用边界：应遵守制造商对导体、准备方式和扭矩的要求。" ] }, { "id": "practice", "heading": "地区术语交接练习", "paragraphs": [ "A Canadian drawing says panelboard, an Australian coworker says distribution board, and the task involves residual-current protection.", "加拿大图纸写 panelboard，澳大利亚同事说 distribution board，任务还涉及剩余电流保护。", "Confirm the exact equipment without claiming the regional terms are technically identical.", "在不声称地区术语技术上完全相同的情况下，确认具体设备。", "To confirm, are we referring to this labeled distribution assembly and this specific protective device? I will use the drawing reference and local device marking rather than assume the terms are identical.", "请确认，我们指的是这个有标签的配电组件和这个具体保护器件吗？我会依据图纸编号和当地器件标识，而不是假设术语完全相同。" ] }, { "id": "regional-terms", "heading": "美式与英式用语", "paragraphs": [ "沟通用语对照，不表示器件、规范或安装方法等效。请向当地主管核对实际用语。" ], "items": [ "outlet / receptacle / socket / socket-outlet: 插座；具体器件与额定参数仍需核对。", "ground / grounding / earth / earthing: 接地相关用语；术语相近不等于接地系统相同。", "flashlight / torch: 手电筒。", "wire nut / connector (specify type): Wire nut 特指旋接式连接器，不是所有接线器的通称。" ] }, { "id": "faq-1", "heading": "outlet 和 power point 是一个意思吗？", "paragraphs": [ "日常工地表达中可能指相似的用电连接点。北美技术语境常用 receptacle，澳大利亚常用 power point；应遵循当地图纸和定义。" ] }, { "id": "faq-2", "heading": "GFCI 和 RCD 完全一样吗？", "paragraphs": [ "不要这样假设。它们属于相关保护概念，但产品特性、动作阈值、应用和法律要求可能不同。" ] }, { "id": "faq-3", "heading": "不知道当地器件名称时应该怎么说？", "paragraphs": [ "使用图纸编号、标签、位置和功能，例如：“你指的是 QF-3，也就是给泵供电的保护器件吗？”" ] }, { "id": "sources", "heading": "参考来源", "links": [ { "title": "Safe Work Australia — Managing electrical risks in the workplace", "url": "https://www.safeworkaustralia.gov.au/doc/model-code-practice-managing-electrical-risks-workplace", "description": "Australia" }, { "title": "CCOHS — Electrical Safety: Basic Information", "url": "https://www.ccohs.ca/oshanswers/safety_haz/electrical.pdf", "description": "Canada" }, { "title": "OSHA 29 CFR 1910.333 — Selection and use of work practices", "url": "https://www.osha.gov/laws-regs/regulations/standardnumber/1910/1910.333", "description": "United States" } ] }, { "id": "section-20", "heading": "相关指南", "links": [ { "title": "电气安全英语术语：含义、例句与停手表达", "url": "https://elect-learn.org/zh/guides/electrical-safety-vocabulary/" }, { "title": "电气排故英语术语：现象、证据与例句", "url": "https://elect-learn.org/zh/guides/electrical-troubleshooting-vocabulary/" }, { "title": "电工工地英语常用句：听辨、确认与报告", "url": "https://elect-learn.org/zh/guides/electrician-jobsite-phrases/" } ] } ], "dateModified": "2026-10-29", "publisher": { "name": "Elect Learn", "url": "https://elect-learn.org" }, "review": { "status": "not-independently-reviewed", "statement": "尚无独立专业审校记录。参考来源不代表来源机构审校或认可本站。", "policyUrl": "https://elect-learn.org/zh/methodology/" } }