# 上锁挂牌英文与 LOTO 术语：定义、角色和例句 > 学习10个上锁挂牌英文术语，涵盖角色、能源、隔离装置、储存能量、验证和重新送能。 Canonical: https://elect-learn.org/zh/guides/lockout-tagout-english-vocabulary/ Language: zh JSON: https://elect-learn.org/zh/guides/lockout-tagout-english-vocabulary/index.json Page updated: 2026-10-23 Maintained by: Elect Learn (https://elect-learn.org) Review status: 尚无独立专业审校记录。参考来源不代表来源机构审校或认可本站。 Review policy: https://elect-learn.org/zh/methodology/ 学习参考：不同国家/地区的电气规范、许可和验收主体差异很大，本课程不替代当地法规、持证培训、现场许可或主管部门要求。任何实操前都应断电、验电，并遵守当地 AHJ/监管机构和雇主流程。 ## 上锁挂牌、LOTO 与「鎖牌」的英文 Lockout/tagout（LOTO）属于危险能量控制用语。Lockout 指锁定能源隔离装置，tagout 指警示挂牌系统；标签并非机械锁具，允许的使用方式与配套控制取决于适用规则及工作程序。 中文查询中也可能出现「鎖牌」「上鎖掛牌」。工地英语宜明确使用 lockout/tagout，并说清实际控制措施；不能从地区简称推断程序完全相同。 - Authorized employee：在培训和授权范围内执行相应能量控制工作的人员。 - Affected employee：使用相关设备或在受影响区域工作的人员；这一角色本身不代表获得上锁作业授权。 - 美国规范须分清范围：1910.147 涉及检修维护中的危险能量控制；Subpart S 范围内的电气暴露由包括 1910.333 在内的条文规定。 - [OSHA 1910.147 — definitions and scope]() - [OSHA 1910.333 — electrical work practices]() - [学习断电确认的基本概念]() ## 导读 LOTO vocabulary describes a formal control system, not a personal sequence invented from memory. Learn the words so you can understand the employer procedure, ask precise questions, and recognize when a required step or role is missing. LOTO 术语描述的是正式控制体系，而不是个人凭记忆创造的顺序。学习这些词，是为了看懂雇主流程、准确提问，并识别缺失的步骤或角色。 ## 开关关了，就能动手吗？ 断开是一个动作，确认无电是一项验证。锁具防止误送电，验电确认当前状态。 - 隔离装置 · 断开能源 - 锁与牌 · 防误操作 - 记录 · 明确人员与范围 ## 学习目标 - Distinguish people, devices, energy sources, and process states. - 区分人员、装置、能源和流程状态。 - Avoid treating a stop control as an isolating device. - 避免把停止控制当作隔离装置。 - Use sequence language without presenting this page as a workplace procedure. - 练习顺序表达，但不把本页当成现场作业流程。 ## authorized employee · 获授权员工 In OSHA LOTO terminology, a person who locks or tags out equipment to perform covered servicing or maintenance. 在 OSHA LOTO 术语中，为执行适用维修或维护而对设备上锁或挂牌的人员。 Example: Only the authorized employee applies the energy-control steps assigned by the procedure. 例句：只有获授权员工执行流程分配的能量控制步骤。 Usage boundary: Role definitions differ across employers and jurisdictions. 使用边界：角色定义会因雇主和地区而异。 ## affected employee · 受影响员工 In OSHA terminology, a person whose job requires operating or using affected equipment, or working in the relevant area, but who is not performing the lockout role for that task. 在 OSHA 术语中，需要操作或使用受影响设备，或在相关区域工作，但不承担该任务上锁角色的人员。 Example: Affected employees must be notified according to the energy-control program. 例句：必须按照能量控制制度通知受影响员工。 Usage boundary: Do not assume affected means permitted to apply or remove another person's lock. 使用边界：不要假设“受影响”就意味着可以施加或移除他人的锁。 ## energy source · 能源 A source of electrical, mechanical, hydraulic, pneumatic, chemical, thermal, gravitational, or other energy. 电气、机械、液压、气动、化学、热能、重力或其他能量的来源。 Example: The job brief identifies electrical, pneumatic, and stored mechanical energy sources. 例句：任务说明识别了电气、气动和储存机械能源。 Usage boundary: Disconnecting one source may leave other hazardous energy present. 使用边界：断开一种能源后，其他危险能量可能仍然存在。 ## energy-isolating device · 能量隔离装置 A mechanical device that physically prevents the transmission or release of energy within the applicable procedure. 在适用流程中，物理阻止能量传递或释放的机械装置。 Example: The push button stops the machine, but it is not the specified energy-isolating device. 例句：按钮可以停止机器，但它不是规定的能量隔离装置。 Usage boundary: Control-circuit devices are not automatically energy-isolating devices. 使用边界：控制回路器件并不自动属于能量隔离装置。 ## lockout device · 上锁装置 A device that holds an energy-isolating device in a safe or off position according to the energy-control program. 按照能量控制制度，把能量隔离装置保持在安全或断开位置的装置。 Example: Check that the lockout device is compatible with the isolating device and the procedure. 例句：确认上锁装置与隔离装置及流程兼容。 Usage boundary: Do not use an improvised lock or attachment method. 使用边界：不要使用临时拼凑的锁具或固定方式。 ## tagout device · 挂牌装置 A prominent warning device applied under a defined tagout system to indicate that equipment must not be operated. 在规定挂牌制度下使用的醒目警示装置，表示设备不得操作。 Example: The tag identifies the controlled equipment and the responsible person under the program. 例句：挂牌按照制度标识受控设备和责任人。 Usage boundary: A tag is a warning and does not physically restrain a device like a lock. 使用边界：挂牌是警示，不能像锁一样物理限制装置。 ## stored or residual energy · 储存或残余能量 Energy remaining in capacitors, pressure systems, springs, elevated parts, rotating equipment, heat, or other sources after primary isolation. 主要隔离后仍存在于电容器、压力系统、弹簧、升高部件、旋转设备、热源等位置的能量。 Example: The procedure includes controlling stored pressure and checking for residual electrical energy. 例句：流程包括控制储存压力和检查残余电能。 Usage boundary: Zero motion does not prove zero stored energy. 使用边界：没有运动并不能证明没有储能。 ## zero-energy state · 零能量状态 A term used in some programs for a condition in which hazardous energy has been isolated, controlled, and verified under the applicable procedure. 部分制度中使用的术语，表示危险能量已按适用流程隔离、控制和验证。 Example: Do not declare a zero-energy state until every required source and verification step is complete. 例句：在所有规定能源和验证步骤完成前，不要宣布达到零能量状态。 Usage boundary: Use the exact definition and wording in your workplace program. 使用边界：应使用工作场所制度中的准确定义和措辞。 ## verify isolation · 验证隔离有效性 To confirm through the program's required checks that the energy-control measures are effective. 通过制度规定的检查确认能量控制措施有效。 Example: The authorized person must verify isolation before covered work begins. 例句：适用工作开始前，获授权人员必须验证隔离有效。 Usage boundary: Verification method and responsibility come from the applicable procedure. 使用边界：验证方法和责任来自适用流程。 ## re-energize / restore energy · 重新送能；恢复能源 To return energy to equipment after the release process, checks, device removal, and notifications required by the program. 完成制度规定的解除流程、检查、装置移除和通知后，向设备恢复能源。 Example: Do not re-energize until the release-from-lockout process is authorized and complete. 例句：在解除上锁流程获准并完成前，不得重新送能。 Usage boundary: Removing another person's lock is governed by strict procedures, not convenience. 使用边界：移除他人的锁受严格流程约束，不能图方便。 ## 角色与状态检查 A machine is stopped, a warning tag is visible, and an operator says, “It is locked out.” You do not know who applied the controls or whether stored energy was addressed. 机器已停止，现场可见警示牌，操作员说“已经上锁”。但你不知道谁实施了控制，也不知道是否处理了储存能量。 Ask questions that separate visible clues from confirmed program status. 提出问题，把可见线索和已确认的制度状态区分开。 I can see the machine is stopped and a tag is present, but I cannot confirm the lockout status. Who is the authorized person, which energy-isolating devices are controlled, how was stored energy addressed, and has isolation been verified under the program? 我能看到机器已停止并有挂牌，但无法确认上锁状态。谁是获授权人员？哪些能量隔离装置受到控制？储存能量如何处理？是否已经按制度验证隔离？ ## 按下急停等同于上锁吗？ 不等同。停止控制可能停止运行，但并不自动属于能量隔离装置，也不代表能量控制流程已经完成。 ## 挂牌可以代替上锁吗？ 只有在适用法律和制度规定的特定条件下才可能。挂牌用于警示，锁用于物理限制；不得非正式替换。 ## 本页可以作为 LOTO 操作流程吗？ 不可以。本页是术语训练，应使用雇主书面能量控制流程、培训、授权和适用法规。 ## 参考来源 - [OSHA — Control of Hazardous Energy (Lockout/Tagout)](): United States - [OSHA Lockout/Tagout Tutorial — Definitions](): United States - [OSHA 29 CFR 1910.333 — Selection and use of work practices](): United States - [WorkSafeBC — De-energization and lockout](): Canada - [Safe Work Australia — Managing electrical risks in the workplace](): Australia ## 相关指南 - [电气安全英语术语：含义、例句与停手表达]() - [电工工地英语常用句：听辨、确认与报告]() - [电工英语情景对话：任务说明与交接练习]()