{
  "schemaVersion": "1.0",
  "id": "https://elect-learn.org/zh/lesson/01-why-electricity-is-dangerous/",
  "url": "https://elect-learn.org/zh/lesson/01-why-electricity-is-dangerous/",
  "markdownUrl": "https://elect-learn.org/zh/lesson/01-why-electricity-is-dangerous/index.md",
  "jsonUrl": "https://elect-learn.org/zh/lesson/01-why-electricity-is-dangerous/index.json",
  "language": "zh",
  "title": "电为什么危险",
  "description": "从电击、短路、火灾和弧闪建立第一条规则：看不见的电，必须先证明它不存在。",
  "kind": "lesson",
  "safetyNotice": "学习参考：不同国家/地区的电气规范、许可和验收主体差异很大，本课程不替代当地法规、持证培训、现场许可或主管部门要求。任何实操前都应断电、验电，并遵守当地 AHJ/监管机构和雇主流程。",
  "sections": [
    {
      "id": "section-1",
      "heading": "课程信息",
      "paragraphs": [
        "安全与工具 · 入门 · 18 min",
        "安全",
        "案例"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "section-2",
      "heading": "看不见的电，先用验证建立边界。",
      "paragraphs": [
        "断开是一个动作，确认无电是一项验证。锁具防止误送电，验电确认当前状态。"
      ],
      "items": [
        "危险取决于电流路径、大小与持续时间。",
        "“没反应”不是“没电”的证据。",
        "不能确认状态，就停手并报告。"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "section-3",
      "heading": "学习目标",
      "items": [
        "区分电击、短路、过载、弧闪和火灾风险。",
        "知道为什么“关了开关”不等于“无电”。",
        "建立任何接触导体前先停手的习惯。"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "section-4",
      "heading": "更换插座前没验电",
      "paragraphs": [
        "租住房间插座松动，学习者关掉墙上开关后准备拆插座。",
        "错误判断: 以为灯灭了或开关关了，插座就一定无电。",
        "停手边界: 拆面板前必须停手：找到回路断路器、断电、验电。",
        "推理路径: 先用非接触验电笔筛查，再用合适仪表确认火线对中性线/地线无电压；不确定时交给持证人员。",
        "复习: 考试常考：电气危险识别、个人防护、断电验电和不得假设无电。"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "section-5",
      "heading": "完整知识点",
      "items": [
        "电击伤害取决于电流路径、大小和持续时间；潮湿环境会降低人体阻抗。",
        "短路是低阻路径导致的大电流；过载是负载超过导线/设备能力。",
        "断路器保护导线，不是保护人免受所有电击。"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "tool-tester",
      "heading": "非接触验电笔",
      "paragraphs": [
        "快速筛查是否可能带电，适合做第一道提醒。",
        "误用与边界: 不能单独作为无电证明，最后仍要用合适仪表确认。"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "tool-breaker",
      "heading": "断路器",
      "paragraphs": [
        "在过载或短路时切断回路，保护导线。",
        "误用与边界: 不能用更大安培数断路器掩盖跳闸问题。"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "section-8",
      "heading": "常见误区",
      "items": [
        "把普通开关当作隔离装置。",
        "只看灯灭，不确认插座或盒内导线。",
        "认为低压家用电“只是麻一下”。"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "section-9",
      "heading": "安全流程",
      "items": [
        "先识别现场危险：潮湿、金属梯、破损导线、焦味或异常发热。",
        "能不接触就不接触；需要打开设备时先找到正确回路。",
        "断电后仍要验电；任何不确定都停止。"
      ],
      "ordered": true
    },
    {
      "id": "quiz-1",
      "heading": "墙壁开关关掉后，插座一定无电吗？",
      "paragraphs": [
        "不是。开关可能只控制灯、半控插座或回路的一部分，必须断路器断电并验电。"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "quiz-2",
      "heading": "断路器主要保护什么？",
      "paragraphs": [
        "主要保护导线和设备免受过流损害，不等于所有人身电击保护。"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "section-12",
      "heading": "回头看",
      "links": []
    }
  ],
  "dateModified": "2026-10-23",
  "publisher": {
    "name": "Elect Learn",
    "url": "https://elect-learn.org"
  },
  "review": {
    "status": "not-independently-reviewed",
    "statement": "尚无独立专业审校记录。参考来源不代表来源机构审校或认可本站。",
    "policyUrl": "https://elect-learn.org/zh/methodology/"
  }
}