{
  "schemaVersion": "1.0",
  "id": "https://elect-learn.org/zh/lesson/03-multimeter-basics/",
  "url": "https://elect-learn.org/zh/lesson/03-multimeter-basics/",
  "markdownUrl": "https://elect-learn.org/zh/lesson/03-multimeter-basics/index.md",
  "jsonUrl": "https://elect-learn.org/zh/lesson/03-multimeter-basics/index.json",
  "language": "zh",
  "title": "万用表入门",
  "description": "用“插座没电”案例理解电压、连续性和电阻测量的用途与边界。",
  "kind": "lesson",
  "safetyNotice": "学习参考：不同国家/地区的电气规范、许可和验收主体差异很大，本课程不替代当地法规、持证培训、现场许可或主管部门要求。任何实操前都应断电、验电，并遵守当地 AHJ/监管机构和雇主流程。",
  "sections": [
    {
      "id": "meter-references",
      "heading": "先看模式，再看数字",
      "paragraphs": [
        "同一个数字在电压、电阻或通断测试中意义不同。先通过符号说出所选功能，再说明读数能支持什么、不能证明什么。"
      ],
      "links": [
        {
          "title": "万用表符号、档位与读数",
          "url": "https://elect-learn.org/zh/guides/multimeter-symbols/"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "section-1",
      "heading": "课程信息",
      "paragraphs": [
        "安全与工具 · 基础 · 22 min",
        "工具",
        "交互演示"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "section-2",
      "heading": "先选测量问题，再读那个数字。",
      "paragraphs": [
        "先明确要测什么，再选择档位与连接方式。电压和导通，是两个不同的问题。"
      ],
      "items": [
        "电压：比较两个测量点之间的电位差。",
        "导通：仅对已隔离、无电的试件检测。",
        "读数必须连同单位、档位和位置一起记录。"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "section-3",
      "heading": "学习目标",
      "items": [
        "认识万用表插孔、旋钮和表笔。",
        "知道什么时候测电压，什么时候测连续性。",
        "避免在带电回路上误用电阻/连续性档。"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "section-4",
      "heading": "插座没电，到底断在哪里",
      "paragraphs": [
        "一个厨房小电器不工作，换到别的插座正常。",
        "错误判断: 马上判断插座坏了并准备更换。",
        "停手边界: 先确认回路状态，不拆任何带电部件。",
        "推理路径: 检查 GFCI/断路器状态，测量插座火零、火地电压；断电后才能做连续性排查。",
        "复习: 考试会区分测量目的、表位选择和带电/无电测试边界。"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "section-5",
      "heading": "完整知识点",
      "items": [
        "电压测量是并联测量，表笔跨接两点。",
        "连续性/电阻测量由表内电池供电，必须在无电回路上使用。",
        "测量结果要结合现象，不要只凭一个数值下结论。"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "tool-multimeter",
      "heading": "数字万用表",
      "paragraphs": [
        "测量电压、连续性和电阻，用来验证现象而不是猜测。",
        "误用与边界: 把表笔插错孔或量程选错，可能烧表或造成危险。"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "tool-tester",
      "heading": "非接触验电笔",
      "paragraphs": [
        "快速筛查是否可能带电，适合做第一道提醒。",
        "误用与边界: 不能单独作为无电证明，最后仍要用合适仪表确认。"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "section-8",
      "heading": "常见误区",
      "items": [
        "表笔插在电流孔却去测电压。",
        "在可能带电的插座上打连续性档。",
        "只测火零，不测火地，漏掉中性线问题线索。"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "section-9",
      "heading": "安全流程",
      "items": [
        "先目视检查表笔、外壳和量程。",
        "做 live-dead-live 确认仪表可用。",
        "带电只测电压；断电并确认后才测连续性。"
      ],
      "ordered": true
    },
    {
      "id": "quiz-1",
      "heading": "连续性档可以用于带电回路吗？",
      "paragraphs": [
        "不可以。必须断电并确认无电后使用。"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "quiz-2",
      "heading": "测电压时表笔是串联还是并联？",
      "paragraphs": [
        "并联，跨接在两个测量点之间。"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "section-12",
      "heading": "回头看",
      "links": [
        {
          "title": "复习第 1 课：断路器不等于人身保护。",
          "url": "https://elect-learn.org/zh/lesson/01-why-electricity-is-dangerous/"
        },
        {
          "title": "复习第 2 课：live-dead-live 验电顺序。",
          "url": "https://elect-learn.org/zh/lesson/02-deenergize-test-lockout/"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "dateModified": "2026-10-23",
  "publisher": {
    "name": "Elect Learn",
    "url": "https://elect-learn.org"
  },
  "review": {
    "status": "not-independently-reviewed",
    "statement": "尚无独立专业审校记录。参考来源不代表来源机构审校或认可本站。",
    "policyUrl": "https://elect-learn.org/zh/methodology/"
  }
}