{
  "schemaVersion": "1.0",
  "id": "https://elect-learn.org/zh/lesson/11-single-pole-switch-troubleshooting/",
  "url": "https://elect-learn.org/zh/lesson/11-single-pole-switch-troubleshooting/",
  "markdownUrl": "https://elect-learn.org/zh/lesson/11-single-pole-switch-troubleshooting/index.md",
  "jsonUrl": "https://elect-learn.org/zh/lesson/11-single-pole-switch-troubleshooting/index.json",
  "language": "zh",
  "title": "单控灯开关排查",
  "description": "从灯不亮、开关无效、盒内多根线出发，练习按回路逻辑排查。",
  "kind": "lesson",
  "safetyNotice": "学习参考：不同国家/地区的电气规范、许可和验收主体差异很大，本课程不替代当地法规、持证培训、现场许可或主管部门要求。任何实操前都应断电、验电，并遵守当地 AHJ/监管机构和雇主流程。",
  "sections": [
    {
      "id": "section-1",
      "heading": "课程信息",
      "paragraphs": [
        "实操流程 · 实操 · 26 min",
        "排故"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "section-2",
      "heading": "沿回路找证据，不靠反复换零件。",
      "paragraphs": [
        "先明确要测什么，再选择档位与连接方式。电压和导通，是两个不同的问题。"
      ],
      "items": [
        "先区分灯、开关、连接和上游供电。",
        "选择能检验假设的测量；先确认安全条件。",
        "发现异常读数，记录位置、状态和单位。"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "section-3",
      "heading": "学习目标",
      "items": [
        "识别电源、开关腿、负载和中性线。",
        "区分开关坏、灯具坏、连接松和无电源。",
        "用万用表和安全流程验证假设。"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "section-4",
      "heading": "换灯泡后仍不亮",
      "paragraphs": [
        "走廊灯不亮，换灯泡无效，开关盒内有两根黑线和一束白线。",
        "错误判断: 直接把白线接到开关上试。",
        "停手边界: 未知导线不能试接，必须先断电、标记和测量。",
        "推理路径: 确认灯具和断路器，识别常带电端与开关腿；断电后测开关连续性和连接状态。",
        "复习: 常考：单刀单掷开关、开关腿、接地和中性线不经过普通开关。"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "section-5",
      "heading": "完整知识点",
      "items": [
        "普通单控开关只是打开或断开火线通路。",
        "开关盒里的白线束常是中性线通过点，不应随意拆开。",
        "排故是提出假设、验证、缩小范围，而不是试错接线。"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "tool-multimeter",
      "heading": "数字万用表",
      "paragraphs": [
        "测量电压、连续性和电阻，用来验证现象而不是猜测。",
        "误用与边界: 把表笔插错孔或量程选错，可能烧表或造成危险。"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "tool-tester",
      "heading": "非接触验电笔",
      "paragraphs": [
        "快速筛查是否可能带电，适合做第一道提醒。",
        "误用与边界: 不能单独作为无电证明，最后仍要用合适仪表确认。"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "tool-driver",
      "heading": "绝缘螺丝刀",
      "paragraphs": [
        "用于端子螺丝和面板螺丝，绝缘层提供额外保护。",
        "误用与边界: 绝缘工具不是带电作业许可证，破损后不能继续依赖。"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "tool-wire-nut",
      "heading": "压线帽",
      "paragraphs": [
        "把合适数量和规格的导线机械连接并绝缘。",
        "误用与边界: 规格不匹配、铜线未齐或未拉拽检查，都会造成松动。"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "tool-box",
      "heading": "接线盒",
      "paragraphs": [
        "容纳接线、固定器件并保护连接点。",
        "误用与边界: 盒内过满、无盖或连接点裸露都是常见隐患。"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "section-11",
      "heading": "常见误区",
      "items": [
        "用试接代替测量。",
        "忘记灯具盒内也可能有电源进线。",
        "断电后没确认同盒是否有其他回路。"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "section-12",
      "heading": "安全流程",
      "items": [
        "先记录症状：灯不亮、闪烁、开关无效还是跳闸。",
        "断电验电，拍照标记盒内导线。",
        "用连续性检查开关开/合状态；用电压测量确认电源路径。",
        "涉及多路、三控或未知回路时停止并求助。"
      ],
      "ordered": true
    },
    {
      "id": "quiz-1",
      "heading": "普通单控开关一般应该切断哪根导线？",
      "paragraphs": [
        "火线/未接地导体，而不是中性线。"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "quiz-2",
      "heading": "未知导线能不能短暂试接看看？",
      "paragraphs": [
        "不能。必须标记、测量并按图和规范确认。"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "section-15",
      "heading": "回头看",
      "links": [
        {
          "title": "复习第 3 课：连续性只在无电时测。",
          "url": "https://elect-learn.org/zh/lesson/03-multimeter-basics/"
        },
        {
          "title": "复习第 8 课：开关通常控制火线。",
          "url": "https://elect-learn.org/zh/lesson/08-receptacles-switches-lights/"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "dateModified": "2026-10-23",
  "publisher": {
    "name": "Elect Learn",
    "url": "https://elect-learn.org"
  },
  "review": {
    "status": "not-independently-reviewed",
    "statement": "尚无独立专业审校记录。参考来源不代表来源机构审校或认可本站。",
    "policyUrl": "https://elect-learn.org/zh/methodology/"
  }
}