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上锁挂牌英文与 LOTO 术语:定义、角色和例句
学习10个上锁挂牌英文术语,涵盖角色、能源、隔离装置、储存能量、验证和重新送能。
本页要点
- 主题:上锁挂牌英文与 LOTO 术语:定义、角色和例句
- 学习 10 个核心工地英语条目、例句与安全边界。
- 先完成免费测评,再练习本页内容。
上锁挂牌、LOTO 与「鎖牌」的英文
Lockout/tagout(LOTO)属于危险能量控制用语。Lockout 指锁定能源隔离装置,tagout 指警示挂牌系统;标签并非机械锁具,允许的使用方式与配套控制取决于适用规则及工作程序。
中文查询中也可能出现「鎖牌」「上鎖掛牌」。工地英语宜明确使用 lockout/tagout,并说清实际控制措施;不能从地区简称推断程序完全相同。
- Authorized employee:在培训和授权范围内执行相应能量控制工作的人员。
- Affected employee:使用相关设备或在受影响区域工作的人员;这一角色本身不代表获得上锁作业授权。
- 美国规范须分清范围:1910.147 涉及检修维护中的危险能量控制;Subpart S 范围内的电气暴露由包括 1910.333 在内的条文规定。
导读
LOTO vocabulary describes a formal control system, not a personal sequence invented from memory. Learn the words so you can understand the employer procedure, ask precise questions, and recognize when a required step or role is missing.
LOTO 术语描述的是正式控制体系,而不是个人凭记忆创造的顺序。学习这些词,是为了看懂雇主流程、准确提问,并识别缺失的步骤或角色。
开关关了,就能动手吗?
断开是一个动作,确认无电是一项验证。锁具防止误送电,验电确认当前状态。
- 隔离装置 · 断开能源
- 锁与牌 · 防误操作
- 记录 · 明确人员与范围
学习目标
- Distinguish people, devices, energy sources, and process states.
- 区分人员、装置、能源和流程状态。
- Avoid treating a stop control as an isolating device.
- 避免把停止控制当作隔离装置。
- Use sequence language without presenting this page as a workplace procedure.
- 练习顺序表达,但不把本页当成现场作业流程。
authorized employee · 获授权员工
In OSHA LOTO terminology, a person who locks or tags out equipment to perform covered servicing or maintenance.
在 OSHA LOTO 术语中,为执行适用维修或维护而对设备上锁或挂牌的人员。
Example: Only the authorized employee applies the energy-control steps assigned by the procedure.
例句:只有获授权员工执行流程分配的能量控制步骤。
Usage boundary: Role definitions differ across employers and jurisdictions.
使用边界:角色定义会因雇主和地区而异。
affected employee · 受影响员工
In OSHA terminology, a person whose job requires operating or using affected equipment, or working in the relevant area, but who is not performing the lockout role for that task.
在 OSHA 术语中,需要操作或使用受影响设备,或在相关区域工作,但不承担该任务上锁角色的人员。
Example: Affected employees must be notified according to the energy-control program.
例句:必须按照能量控制制度通知受影响员工。
Usage boundary: Do not assume affected means permitted to apply or remove another person's lock.
使用边界:不要假设“受影响”就意味着可以施加或移除他人的锁。
energy source · 能源
A source of electrical, mechanical, hydraulic, pneumatic, chemical, thermal, gravitational, or other energy.
电气、机械、液压、气动、化学、热能、重力或其他能量的来源。
Example: The job brief identifies electrical, pneumatic, and stored mechanical energy sources.
例句:任务说明识别了电气、气动和储存机械能源。
Usage boundary: Disconnecting one source may leave other hazardous energy present.
使用边界:断开一种能源后,其他危险能量可能仍然存在。
energy-isolating device · 能量隔离装置
A mechanical device that physically prevents the transmission or release of energy within the applicable procedure.
在适用流程中,物理阻止能量传递或释放的机械装置。
Example: The push button stops the machine, but it is not the specified energy-isolating device.
例句:按钮可以停止机器,但它不是规定的能量隔离装置。
Usage boundary: Control-circuit devices are not automatically energy-isolating devices.
使用边界:控制回路器件并不自动属于能量隔离装置。
lockout device · 上锁装置
A device that holds an energy-isolating device in a safe or off position according to the energy-control program.
按照能量控制制度,把能量隔离装置保持在安全或断开位置的装置。
Example: Check that the lockout device is compatible with the isolating device and the procedure.
例句:确认上锁装置与隔离装置及流程兼容。
Usage boundary: Do not use an improvised lock or attachment method.
使用边界:不要使用临时拼凑的锁具或固定方式。
tagout device · 挂牌装置
A prominent warning device applied under a defined tagout system to indicate that equipment must not be operated.
在规定挂牌制度下使用的醒目警示装置,表示设备不得操作。
Example: The tag identifies the controlled equipment and the responsible person under the program.
例句:挂牌按照制度标识受控设备和责任人。
Usage boundary: A tag is a warning and does not physically restrain a device like a lock.
使用边界:挂牌是警示,不能像锁一样物理限制装置。
stored or residual energy · 储存或残余能量
Energy remaining in capacitors, pressure systems, springs, elevated parts, rotating equipment, heat, or other sources after primary isolation.
主要隔离后仍存在于电容器、压力系统、弹簧、升高部件、旋转设备、热源等位置的能量。
Example: The procedure includes controlling stored pressure and checking for residual electrical energy.
例句:流程包括控制储存压力和检查残余电能。
Usage boundary: Zero motion does not prove zero stored energy.
使用边界:没有运动并不能证明没有储能。
zero-energy state · 零能量状态
A term used in some programs for a condition in which hazardous energy has been isolated, controlled, and verified under the applicable procedure.
部分制度中使用的术语,表示危险能量已按适用流程隔离、控制和验证。
Example: Do not declare a zero-energy state until every required source and verification step is complete.
例句:在所有规定能源和验证步骤完成前,不要宣布达到零能量状态。
Usage boundary: Use the exact definition and wording in your workplace program.
使用边界:应使用工作场所制度中的准确定义和措辞。
verify isolation · 验证隔离有效性
To confirm through the program's required checks that the energy-control measures are effective.
通过制度规定的检查确认能量控制措施有效。
Example: The authorized person must verify isolation before covered work begins.
例句:适用工作开始前,获授权人员必须验证隔离有效。
Usage boundary: Verification method and responsibility come from the applicable procedure.
使用边界:验证方法和责任来自适用流程。
re-energize / restore energy · 重新送能;恢复能源
To return energy to equipment after the release process, checks, device removal, and notifications required by the program.
完成制度规定的解除流程、检查、装置移除和通知后,向设备恢复能源。
Example: Do not re-energize until the release-from-lockout process is authorized and complete.
例句:在解除上锁流程获准并完成前,不得重新送能。
Usage boundary: Removing another person's lock is governed by strict procedures, not convenience.
使用边界:移除他人的锁受严格流程约束,不能图方便。
角色与状态检查
A machine is stopped, a warning tag is visible, and an operator says, “It is locked out.” You do not know who applied the controls or whether stored energy was addressed.
机器已停止,现场可见警示牌,操作员说“已经上锁”。但你不知道谁实施了控制,也不知道是否处理了储存能量。
Ask questions that separate visible clues from confirmed program status.
提出问题,把可见线索和已确认的制度状态区分开。
I can see the machine is stopped and a tag is present, but I cannot confirm the lockout status. Who is the authorized person, which energy-isolating devices are controlled, how was stored energy addressed, and has isolation been verified under the program?
我能看到机器已停止并有挂牌,但无法确认上锁状态。谁是获授权人员?哪些能量隔离装置受到控制?储存能量如何处理?是否已经按制度验证隔离?
按下急停等同于上锁吗?
不等同。停止控制可能停止运行,但并不自动属于能量隔离装置,也不代表能量控制流程已经完成。
挂牌可以代替上锁吗?
只有在适用法律和制度规定的特定条件下才可能。挂牌用于警示,锁用于物理限制;不得非正式替换。
本页可以作为 LOTO 操作流程吗?
不可以。本页是术语训练,应使用雇主书面能量控制流程、培训、授权和适用法规。
参考来源
- OSHA — Control of Hazardous Energy (Lockout/Tagout): United States
- OSHA Lockout/Tagout Tutorial — Definitions: United States
- OSHA 29 CFR 1910.333 — Selection and use of work practices: United States
- WorkSafeBC — De-energization and lockout: Canada
- Safe Work Australia — Managing electrical risks in the workplace: Australia
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